Search results for "time measurement"
showing 10 items of 27 documents
Use of deep learning methods to translate drug-induced gene expression changes from rat to human primary hepatocytes
2020
In clinical trials, animal and cell line models are often used to evaluate the potential toxic effects of a novel compound or candidate drug before progressing to human trials. However, relating the results of animal and in vitro model exposures to relevant clinical outcomes in the human in vivo system still proves challenging, relying on often putative orthologs. In recent years, multiple studies have demonstrated that the repeated dose rodent bioassay, the current gold standard in the field, lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity in predicting toxic effects of pharmaceuticals in humans. In this study, we evaluate the potential of deep learning techniques to translate the pattern of …
Prevalence os sending, receiving and forwarding sexts among youths: A three-level meta-analysis.
2020
Alttes ajuts: Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport DOGV No. 7943, ACIF, 837 2017 By systematic review with a three-level, mixed-effects meta-analysis, this paper examines the prevalence of sexting experiences among youths aimed at analyzing conceptual and methodological moderators that might explain its heterogeneity. A search was conducted of five bibliographic databases and grey literature up until February 2020. The risk of bias in primary studies was assessed. A total of seventy-nine articles met the set inclusion criteria. Mean prevalences for sending, receiving and forwarding sexts were.14 (95% CI:.12,.17),.31 (95% CI:.26,.36) and.07 (95% CI:.05,.09), respectively, e…
Measuring High-Order Interactions in Rhythmic Processes Through Multivariate Spectral Information Decomposition
2021
Many complex systems in physics, biology and engineering are modeled as dynamical networks and described using multivariate time series analysis. Recent developments have shown that the emergent dynamics of a network system are significantly affected by interactions involving multiple network nodes which cannot be described using pairwise links. While these higher-order interactions can be probed using information-theoretic measures, a rigorous framework to describe them in the frequency domain is still lacking. This work presents an approach for the spectral decomposition of multivariate information measures, capable of identifying higher-order synergistic and redundant interactions betwee…
A new Framework for the Spectral Information Decomposition of Multivariate Gaussian Processes
2021
: Different information-theoretic measures are available in the literature for the study of pairwise and higher-order interactions in multivariate dynamical systems. While these measures operate in the time domain, several physiological and non-physiological systems exhibit a rich oscillatory content that is typically analyzed in the frequency domain through spectral and cross-spectral approaches. For Gaussian systems, the relation between information and spectral measures has been established considering coupling and causality measures, but not for higher-order interactions. To fill this gap, in this work we introduce an information-theoretic framework in the frequency domain to quantify t…
Automatic Temporal Expectancy: A High-Density Event-Related Potential Study
2013
How we compute time is not fully understood. Questions include whether an automatic brain mechanism is engaged in temporally regular environmental structure in order to anticipate events, and whether this can be dissociated from task-related processes, including response preparation, selection and execution. To investigate these issues, a passive temporal oddball task requiring neither time-based motor response nor explicit decision was specifically designed and delivered to participants during high-density, event-related potentials recording. Participants were presented with pairs of audiovisual stimuli (S1 and S2) interspersed with an Inter-Stimulus Interval (ISI) that was manipulated acc…
An Information-Theoretic Framework to Measure the Dynamic Interaction between Neural Spike Trains
2021
Understanding the interaction patterns among simultaneous recordings of spike trains from multiple neuronal units is a key topic in neuroscience. However, an optimal approach of assessing these interactions has not been established, as existing methods either do not consider the inherent point process nature of spike trains or are based on parametric assumptions that may lead to wrong inferences if not met. This work presents a framework, grounded in the field of information dynamics, for the model-free, continuous-time estimation of both undirected (symmetric) and directed (causal) interactions between pairs of spike trains. The framework decomposes the overall information exchanged dynami…
Drift Time Measurement in the ATLAS Liquid Argon Electromagnetic Calorimeter using Cosmic Muons
2010
The ionization signals in the liquid argon of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter are studied in detail using cosmic muons. In particular, the drift time of the ionization electrons is measured and used to assess the intrinsic uniformity of the calorimeter gaps and estimate its impact on the constant term of the energy resolution. The drift times of electrons in the cells of the second layer of the calorimeter are uniform at the level of 1.3% in the barrel and 2.8% in the endcaps. This leads to an estimated contribution to the constant term of (0.29-0.04+0.05)% in the barrel and (0.54-0.04+0.06)% in the endcaps. The same data are used to measure the drift velocity of ionization electrons …
Electric Power Quality Evaluation in the Presence of Electromagnetic Emissions
2013
The measurements for the assessment of the electric power quality are often carried out in hostile electromagnetic environments. The aim of the paper is analyzing if and how both radiated and conducted electromagnetic emissions can disturb the measurement system used to quantify these disturbances. To achieve the target, an experimental approach is proposed, which, by means of a simple and fast test, allows establishing if the real electromagnetic environment, where power quality analysis is performed, can alter the measurements. © 2013 IEEE.
Measuring the Rate of Information Transfer in Point-Process Data: Application to Cardiovascular Interactions
2021
We present the implementation to cardiovascular variability of a method for the information-theoretic estimation of the directed interactions between event-based data. The method allows to compute the transfer entropy rate (TER) from a source to a target point process in continuous time, thus overcoming the severe limitations associated with time discretization of event-based processes. In this work, the method is evaluated on coupled cardiovascular point processes representing the heartbeat dynamics and the related peripheral pulsation, first using a physiologically-based simulation model and then studying real point-process data from healthy subjects monitored at rest and during postural …
On the birth and growth of pendulum clocks in the Early on the History Modern Era
2016
Measuring the passage of time has intrigued humankind throughout the centuries. Ancient times witnessed the appearance and development of clepsydras and water clocks, whose place was subsequently taken by mechanical clocks in the Middle Ages. It is really surprising how the general architecture of mechanical clocks has remained almost unchanged in practice up to the present time. Yet the foremost mechanical developments in clock-making date from the 17th century, when the discovery of the laws of pendular isochronism by Galilei and Huygens permitted a higher degree of accuracy in the measuring of time.